Sputum cytology is an example of exfoliative cytology, which is based on spontaneous shedding of cells derived from the lining of an organ into a cavity from. Cerebrospinal fluid the majority of specimens from the central nervous system fluid compartment are drawn. Is it useful to combine sputum cytology and lowdose spiral computed tomography for early detection of lung cancer in formerly asbestosexposed power industry workers. Use pencil to label frosted end of slide with patients name. We determined the practicability and efficacy of early detection of lung cancer when combining ldsct and sputum cytology. The laboratory requires approximately one tablespoon of sputum for the cultures and an additional one tablespoon of sputum for a cytology specimen. Manual for cytology pdf 44p this book covers the following topics. Sputum cytology examines a sample of sputum mucus under a microscope to determine whether abnormal cells are present. Sputum cytology plays a limited role in prospective lung cancer screening studies. The purpose of this manual is to provide general instructions for cytology specimen collection and handling where specimen quality may affect the cytologic diagnosis. A sample of sputum is placed in a sterile container and sent to the laboratory for testing. Sputum recently discharged material from the bronchial tree, with minimal amounts of oral or nasal material expectorated sputum. It should be collected before breakfast to avoid contamination with food particles, and preferably after mouth rinse.
Sputum for cytology, culture and sensitivity, and acidfast bacilli afb are the three major types of sputum specimens. Sputum cytology refers to the examination of sputum mucus under a microscope to look for abnormal or cancerous cells. We tested the hypothesis that sensitivity of sputum cytology for early lung. Label the container with your name, date of birth, and date of collection. Is it useful to combine sputum cytology and lowdose. Refrigerate the specimen until it is transported to the laboratory. Orange g 6 orange g 10% aqueous 50ml alcohol 950ml. Generated from a deep productive cough induced sputum.
Cytologic studies are performed on sputum material to detect malignant, premalignant, and other. Cytology sterile specimen cups plain red top tubes glass microscope slides acm specimen bag 95% alcohol. Comparison of effectiveness of sputum cytology with. Nebulized hypertonic saline and distilled water collected in. Sputum is material brought up from the lungs after a deep cough. Is it useful to combine sputum cytology and lowdose spiral. Elsheikh, md cleveland clinic introduction majority of ut malignancies are urothelial ca the main function of urine cytology is dx of uc focus on a practical approach to dx of uc low grade urothelial neoplasms. Pdf is it useful to combine sputum cytology and lowdose. Greater use of sputum cytology has been suggested for the diagnosis of lung cancer and for screening high risk patients for the disease. Diagnostic accuracy of cytology and biopsy in primary. Samples are often collected early in the morning for several days. Sputum samples must be deep cough material collected in a sterile container. Sputum cytology jama internal medicine jama network. Staining methods histology and cytology module histology and cytology notes papanicolaou stain papanicolaou formula 1.
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Koss, lg, diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases, 3rd ed. Three consecutive morning sputum specimens are recommended as a routine to ensure the best. Advantages of sputumadvantages of sputum noninvasive reflect constituents from many regions of lung useful for centrally located malignancies squamous cellsmall cell ca high diagnostic yields. Role of diagnostic cytology, collection and preparation of material for cytodiagnosis, cytopreparatory techniques of serous effusions, fixation of cytology specimens, staining methods in cytology. Specimens prepared with fixatives that contain 50% ethyl alcohol, eg, saccomanno fixative, are not acceptable for microbiology testing. Sputum is produced in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs. Guidelines of the papanicolaou society of cytopathology. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Sputum cytology is the testing of lung secretions or phlegm to look for cancerous cells.
Sputum cytology is one of the cost effective, non traumatic and simple techniques which can be used for the detection of lung cancer in symptomatic patients. Cytology cytology the study of the structure and function of cells cells are. The survey response rate was 42% 880 of 2074 with 90% of respondents 788 of 880 indicating that their laboratories evaluated cytology bronchopulmonary specimens. In most cases your doctor will provide you with such jarcontainer or otherwise contact the laboratory on the telephone number below to make arrangements. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that has been identified as the second leading cause of lung cancer. Pdf sputum cytology for the diagnosis of lung cancer. The most common types of diagnostic tests performed on sputum specimens include. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. Place the container in one of the bags provided and securely close the bag. Sputum for cytology cytolyt tube collect a total of three samples on separate days. If no image file resulted from the scanning of one slide, then the second. Samples from three consecutive days increases the chance of obtaining diagnostic material. Three consecutive morning sputum specimens are recommended as a routine to ensure the best diagnostic results.
Indications a sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. I histopathology and cytology laboratory 1 contact information. Patient should perform oral hygiene and collect first morning sputum directly into saccomanno or 50% ethyl alcohol fixative in container for three consecutive mornings. Of a cohort of 4446 formerly asbestos exposed power industry workers, we examined a subgroup of 187 4.
Mix material with an equal volume of fixative see fixatives. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 200k, or click on a page image below. Submit the properly labeled specimen immediately to the cytology laboratory with an accompanying cytopathology cris order requisition form completed to include all relevant clinical history. The accuracy of diagnosis of cell type obtained from sputum cytology, bronchial aspirate, bronchial biopsy, or percutaneous lung biopsy in 161 cases of confirmed primary lung cancer has been examined and the pretreatment histological diagnosis has been compared with the final diagnosis made after surgical resection or necropsy. Sputum, or phlegm, is the fluid that is secreted by cells in the lower respiratory tract such as the bronchi and the trachea. Sputum cytology for the diagnosis of lung cancer abstract acta. The patient coughs up a sample of mucus, which is viewed under the microscope to identify possible cancer cells.
More than 95% of respondents indicated interpreting bronchial washings 765 of 787 and bronchial brushings 757 of. Pdf koss diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases download full ebook. Notes if sputum cannot be brought immediately to the laboratory. Pdf examination of sputum is the least invasive method of obtaining a cytologic diagnosis in a patient suspected of harboring lung cancer. Malignant cells were present in the sputum of 11 of the 39 lung cancer cases. Fix submitted smears with cytology spray fixative or immerse in alcohol for 35 minutes. It differs from saliva, in that it contains cells that line the respiratory passages. Ideally the deep phlegm specimen should be collected early in the morning. The simplest and preliminary method of lung cancer diagnosis a. Lowdose spiral computed tomography ldsct in comparison to conventional chest xray proved to be a highly sensitive method of diagnosing early stage lung cancer.
Gynecologic cytology pap test hpv testing nongynecologic cytology ohipinsured third partyuninsured wsib specimen collection date. In carcinomas arising in the major bronchi70% of all lung cancer diagnostic changes appearing on roentgenograms of the chest. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. However, centrally located early stage lung tumours remain a diagnostic challenge. Samples which were reported to contain atypical cells in three consecutive specimens but could not. Patient should perform oral hygiene and collect first morning sputum directly into. To assess the value of cytologic examination of expectorated sputum in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected lung cancer. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6760 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. It is not intended to encompass the whole process of specimen collection such as special techniques, patient preparation, or contraindications. The indications for repeat bronchial cytology specimens are poorly formulated, but include initial negative bronchial cytology associated with positive sputum cytology, and highly suspicious clinical or radiographic. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. Return all of the samples to the clinic at one time on the third day of collecting the samples. Carcinoma of the lung is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the western world.
Sputum cytology in suspected cases of carcinoma of lung ncbi. Cytologic or cellular examination of sputum may identify aberrant cells or cancer. Two consecutive sputum examinations requested by a junior doctor reveal malignant cells. Specimen collection, handling, transport and processing. To compare the sputum smear cytology and cell block methods for specimen adequacy, cytologic quality and diagnostic accuracy in the. For accurate and timely cytologic diagnosis, provide all information required. Cough deeply to obtain sputum and cough directly into the container. Sputum cytology may be done to help detect certain noncancerous lung conditions. As sputum cytology is a simple, reliable, cost effective and noninvasive procedure it can still be used as one of the diagnostic modality for lung cancer with fairly good sensitivity.
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